Dark Matter

DARK MATTER

Introduction:



      Dutch astronomer Jacobus Kapteyn first suggested the existence of dark matter in 1922 while studying stellar velocities .                     

        Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky  inferred the existence of dark matter  during his work on galactic clusters in 1933.
            He is also best in other works like Neutron stars ,Gravitational lensing  ,Supernovae...
                                                                    


       
             The late American astronomer Vera Rubin teamed up with the instrument  maker Kent Ford in the 1960s and 1970s ,and together  they used their new spectrograph to measure the velocity curves of spiral galaxies ,they found that most of them contain six times as much dark matter as visible matter.                                                                                                                  

NEXT TO DARK ENERGY ,THE SECOND LARGEST  COMPONENT OF THE UNIVERSE IS 'DARK MATTER'.
IT CANNOT BE SEEN DIRECTLY ,BUT ITS EFFECT CAN BE OBSERVED FROM ITS
INTERACTION WITH THE REST OF UNIVERSE THROUGH THE GRAVITY.
THE TRUTH IS WE UNDERSTOOD LITTLE OF WHAT IT IS, AND WHAT IT IS NOT???



WHAT DO WE KNOW SO FAR?

IS IT DARK?

DARK MATTER CANNOT BE  SEEN DIRECTLY AND IT RADIATES NO LIGHT SO IT CAN'T BE STAR OR PLANETS

IS IT NOT DETECTABLE?

 IT IS TOO DENSE AND SMALL TO ABSORB OR EMIT ENOUGH RADIATION TO BE DETECTABLE BY CURRENT IMAGING TECHNOLOGY.  

IS IT CLOUD OF NORMAL MATTER?

IF DARK MATTER WAS NORMAL MATTER
PARTICLES CALLED 'BARYONS',IT WOULD BE 
DETECTED BY USING REFLECTED LIGHT BUT IT IS UNDETECTABLE, SO IT IS NOT 'BARYONS'. 


IS IT ANTIMATTER?

ANTIMATTER WIPES OUT MATTER ON 
CONTACT AND PRODUCES GAMMA RAY.
ASTRONOMERS DO NOT DETECT ANTIMATTER IN DARK MATTER.



IS IT A BLACK HOLE?

LIGHT BENDS WITH THE GRAVITY LENSES OF  BLACK HOLES .THERE HAVE NOT BEEN ENOUGH LENSING EVENTS TO ACCOUNT FOR THE AMOUNT OF DARK MATTER THAT EXISTS.

WHY DO WE CARE?

  • THE HIGGS BOSON AND DARK MATTER MAY BE CONNECTED .BOTH INVESTIGATIONS ARE ABOUT THE WAYS SUBATOMIC PARTICLES INTERACT,AND  WHAT THE FUNDAMENTAL STRUCTURE OF THE UNIVERSE LOOKS LIKE.A BETTER  UNDERSTANDING OF SUBATOMIC PARTICLES IS LESS ESSENTIAL TO MAKING MODERN THEORETICAL PHYSICS MAKE SENSE.
  • EXPERTS LIKE NEIL deGRASSE TYSON BELIEVE THAT  IF DARK MATTER  MAKES UP    AROUND 22 PERCENT OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE,DARK ENERGY PROBABLY  MAKES UP ABOUT 74 PERCENT OF THE KNOWN UNIVERSE . DARK ENERGY MAY BE THE REASON THE UNIVERSE SEEMS TO BE EXPANDING.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              
  • DARK ENERGY AND DARK MATTER ARE INTIMATELY CONNECTED .                    E=MC² ,REMEMBER ?
HOW WE ARE SEARCHING FOR IT?


       



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